Introduction
The third eyelid is a normal protective structure in dogs and cats. Hidden beneath it is a small gland that produces an important portion of the tears that keep the eye moist and comfortable. In some dogs, the tissue that holds this gland in place becomes weak, allowing the gland to pop out of position.
When the gland prolapses, it appears as a smooth, pink or red oval in the inner corner of the eye — this is what owners commonly call cherry eye. It is not cancer, it is not an infection, and it is not caused by injury. It is a mechanical problem: the gland has slipped out of its pocket. Fortunately, with the right treatment, most dogs recover fully and the eye returns to normal.
What is cherry eye?
Cherry eye is the common name for prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid, also called the nictitans gland. This gland is responsible for producing a significant share of the tear film that lubricates the surface of the eye.
In a healthy eye, the gland sits tucked behind the third eyelid and is not visible. When the connective tissue that anchors it weakens or stretches, the gland slides forward and becomes exposed. The exposed tissue becomes irritated and may produce mucus or tears, which is why many owners notice discharge along with the swelling.
Cherry eye can occur in one eye or both. It can appear suddenly — sometimes after play, rubbing, or excitement — and it does not usually resolve on its own. The longer the gland remains out of place, the more inflamed it can become, making surgery more challenging.
Which dogs are more likely to develop cherry eye?
Cherry eye can occur in any dog, but it is much more common in certain breeds and age groups. The biggest risk factor is inherited weakness in the connective tissue that supports the third eyelid gland.
Young dogs
Cherry eye is most commonly seen in puppies and dogs under two years of age.
Certain breeds
Bulldogs, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, Shih Tzus, Pugs, Boston Terriers, and other brachycephalic breeds are more prone to prolapse.
Genetic predisposition
Weak connective tissue around the third eyelid gland tends to run in families, making some dogs more susceptible.
Both eyes may be affected
If one eye develops cherry eye, the other eye may prolapse weeks or months later, even after successful treatment.
If your dog is one of the at-risk breeds, it is worth inspecting the eyes regularly and seeking prompt veterinary advice if you notice any swelling or discharge.
Signs of cherry eye
Cherry eye is usually easy to recognize once you know what to look for. The most common signs include:
Some owners mistake cherry eye for a growth or infection. While the appearance can be unsettling, a veterinarian can usually diagnose it with a simple physical exam of the eye.
Why is surgery recommended?
Surgery is the definitive treatment for cherry eye because it addresses the underlying problem: the gland has slipped out of position and needs to be anchored back in place.
The modern approach almost always focuses on preserving the gland. Removing the gland was once common, but we now know that it contributes significantly to tear production. Losing it can lead to keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye — a chronic, uncomfortable condition that requires lifelong medication and can threaten vision.
By repositioning and securing the gland, surgery:
- Restores the normal appearance of the eye
- Reduces irritation, discharge, and rubbing
- Preserves natural tear production
- Lowers the risk of long-term eye complications
- Prevents the gland from becoming chronically swollen or scarred
Early surgery tends to have the best outcomes. The longer the gland remains prolapsed, the more inflamed and difficult to reposition it can become.
What happens during cherry eye surgery?
Cherry eye repair is a relatively quick procedure performed under general anesthesia. The goal is to return the gland to its normal position and secure it so it stays there.
The procedure is typically performed as a day surgery. Most dogs go home the same afternoon with medication and clear aftercare instructions.
Recovery
Recovery from cherry eye surgery is usually straightforward, especially when the gland is treated early. Most pets are comfortable and back to normal within a week or two.
Most healing is visible within 10–14 days. The swelling usually resolves gradually, and the eye should look increasingly comfortable as the days go by. Please contact your veterinarian if you notice increased redness, discharge, or squinting.
Can cherry eye come back?
Recurrence is possible but not common when the gland is repositioned and secured properly. Some dogs do experience a second prolapse in the same eye or in the opposite eye later on.
Factors that can influence recurrence include the breed's underlying tissue weakness, how long the gland was prolapsed before surgery, and whether the gland was removed in a previous procedure. In rare cases, a second surgery may be needed to achieve a stable result.
The good news is that the gland-sparing approach has greatly improved long-term outcomes. Preserving the gland not only helps the eye stay healthy, but it also makes any future revision more straightforward if needed.
Frequently asked questions
Notice a Change in Your Pet's Eye?
Cherry eye is common, treatable, and best addressed early. If you've spotted a pink swelling in the corner of your dog's eye, our team can examine it and discuss the most appropriate treatment plan for your pet.